OFED: Ozone-depleting Substances & Fluorinated Gases Emissions Database
The OFED database is derived from the published research findings of our team.
OFED provides emissions data for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and fluorinated gases (F-gases) to address their dual impact on ozone depletion and climate change.
The Montreal Protocol
Successfully phased out most ODSs, safeguarding the stratospheric ozone layer for future generations.
UN Climate Change Conventions
Mandate the reduction of all greenhouse gases, including many F-gases, to mitigate global warming.
Accurate quantification of atmospheric emissions is the cornerstone of global environmental governance. It transforms invisible chemical releases into actionable scientific insights, empowering researchers and policymakers to monitor mitigation progress with precision. By mapping the trajectory of these substances, we can identify critical emission hotspots, verify international compliance, and develop robust forecast models for future environmental outcomes.
OFED serves as a vital strategic bridge, connecting the rigors of scientific measurement with the demands of effective policy-making for planetary health. We consolidate disparate, multi-source data—ranging from high-frequency atmospheric observations to granular industrial reporting—into a single, trusted, open-access resource.
Inventory Emissions
The bottom-up approach quantifies emissions using activity data (production and consumption) and emission factors.
View Database →Inversion Emissions
The top-down approach quantifies emissions using observations, transport models, and inversion algorithms.
View Database →OFED and Other Datasets
Comprehensive comparison between OFED results and other established global/regional emission datasets.
Compare Data →Inventory Emissions Visualization
Provide both total emissions and sectoral breakdowns.
Methodology
The bottom-up inventory approach estimates emissions based on activity data (production and consumption) and emission factors, in accordance with the emission mechanisms specific to each sector. For detailed methodologies, please refer to the publications listed below.
Publications
| Study | Substance | Region | Year | Reference |
|---|
Inversion Emission
Top-down estimations with uncertainty ranges (Mean ± SD)
Methodology
The top-down approach utilizes atmospheric concentration observations, integrated with atmospheric transport models and inversion algorithms, to estimate total emissions and their spatial distributions. This methodology is generally classified into the interspecies ratio method (ISC) and the inversion method. For detailed methodologies, please refer to the publications listed below.
Publications
| Study | Substance | Region | Year | Reference |
|---|
OFED & Other Datasets
Comparison of Bottom-up inventories and Top-down (Inverse Modeling & ISC) estimates.
Publications
| Study | Substance | Region | Year | Method | Reference |
|---|
Meet the Team
Our team is dedicated to the research of ODSs and F-gases emissions.
Team Introduction
Led by Zhejiang University in collaboration with Peking University and Beijing Jiaotong University, our interdisciplinary team serves as co-authors of the WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion. We are dedicated to resolving the challenges of emissions sourcing for ODSs and F-gases.
By integrating emission inventories, atmospheric observations, and inversion modeling, we have established a dual-accounting system that bridges "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches. Our research focuses on the environmental impacts of halogenated substances on ozone depletion and climate change, alongside the development of environmental policies. Through high-precision data, we provide vital scientific support for ozone layer protection, carbon neutrality, and global climate mitigation, contributing to both national and international compliance.
Core Members
Xuekun Fang
Zhejiang University
fangxuekun@zju.edu.cn
Jianxin Hu
Peking University
jianxin@pku.edu.cn
Jing Wu
Beijing Jiaotong University
wujing.108@bjtu.edu.cn